气象上寒潮天气两种不同统计方法的探讨     

辛志远 《内蒙古气象》2014,(4):28-29

文章使用多伦县2001—2010年寒潮天气统计资料,分析了当地寒潮变化特征,通过对寒潮统计两种不同方法从降温特征、大气环流特征及地表覆盖几个方面进行分析,得出如下结论:按日最低气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现次数明显多于按日平均气温降温幅度统计寒潮天气出现的次数,尤其在初冬和冬末季节日最低气温变化比日平均气温变化幅度更加剧烈。  相似文献   

Damage localization of marine risers using time series of vibration signals     

Hao Liu  Hezhen Yang  Fushun Liu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):777-781

Based on dynamic response signals a damage detection algorithm is developed for marine risers. Damage detection methods based on numerous modal properties have encountered issues in the researches in offshore oil community. For example, significant increase in structure mass due to marine plant/animal growth and changes in modal properties by equipment noise are not the result of damage for riser structures. In an attempt to eliminate the need to determine modal parameters, a data-based method is developed. The implementation of the method requires that vibration data are first standardized to remove the influence of different loading conditions and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is used to fit vibration response signals. In addition, a damage feature factor is introduced based on the autoregressive (AR) parameters. After that, the Euclidean distance between ARMA models is subtracted as a damage indicator for damage detection and localization and a top tensioned riser simulation model with different damage scenarios is analyzed using the proposed method with dynamic acceleration responses of a marine riser as sensor data. Finally, the influence of measured noise is analyzed. According to the damage localization results, the proposed method provides accurate damage locations of risers and is robust to overcome noise effect.  相似文献   

ERA-Interim气温数据在中国区域的适用性评估   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高路  郝璐 《福建地理》2014,(2):75-81

运用中国756个观测站点的逐月平均气温数据,对比分析了ERA-Interim再分析资料的误差。结果发现:ERA-Interim再分析资料能够很好地反映观测值的年际变化,相关性达到0.955~0.995。ERA-Interim在580个站点的冷偏差或暖偏差小于1℃,占站点总数的76.7%,可信度较高。64个站点的冷偏差或暖偏差大于5℃,可信度较低。ERA-Interim在东部地区的暖偏差多于西部地区,冷偏差的高值主要集中在西部地区的高海拔站点。海拔低于200 m的站点偏差最小,适用性好,多数海拔3 000 m以上的站点呈现较大冷偏差,适用性较差。通过回归分析发现,观测站点与ERA-Interim格点的高度差是导致误差的主要原因,因此通过高程校正能够有效降低误差,提高ERA-Interim适用性。  相似文献   

旋转矩阵表达方法对相机检校的影响     

徐芳  梅文胜 《测绘信息与工程》2014,(2):13-17,21

在大倾角像片的相机检校中,经典共线方程是采用欧拉角（妒,纠,Ⅳ）描述旋转矩阵的,该方法受限于无法获取位置与姿态的初始值,结果可能导致迭代不收敛。共线方程中的旋转矩阵还可以直接利用方向余弦或单位四元数来描述,相机检校时可以无需依赖位置与姿态的初始值。在相同实验数据、初始值和收敛条件的实验中,直接利用方向余弦描述旋转矩阵的方法明显优于单位四元数方法,主要体现在收敛情况和计算结果接近欧拉角方法两个方面。建议在非量测相机检校时,最好选用直接利用方向余弦描述旋转矩阵的共线方程方法。  相似文献   

1961-2010年中国400mm和800mm等雨量线时空变化          下载免费PDF全文

袁喆  严登华  杨志勇  尹军  袁勇 《水科学进展》2014,25(4):494-502

以中国1961-2010年逐日降水数据为基础,利用等值线加权平均位置的方式对400 mm和800 mm等雨量线的空间位置进行定量化处理。采用Kendall 秩次相关检验法、Morlet小波分析法、滑动t-检验法和Yamamoto法时间序列分析方法,对全国50年来 400 mm和800 mm等雨量线的空间位移特征进行了系统揭示:1961-2010年期间,400 mm和800 mm等雨量线加权平均位置坐标分别为（106°07'12"E,39°25'13"N）和（110°16'31"E,34°12'04"N）。趋势性结果表明,全国400 mm和800 mm等雨量线有向西和向南发生移动的趋势,其中400 mm等雨量线向西移动明显,800 mm等雨量线向南移动明显;周期性结果表明,全国400 mm等雨量线在经向和纬向上发生迁移的主周期分别为9年和 12年,800 mm等雨量线在经向和纬向变化均存在7年的主周期;突变性结果表明,400 mm等雨量线空间位置的突变年为1995-1996年（纬度）,800 mm等雨量线空间位置的突变年为1975年、2002年（经度）和1980年、1982年和1987年（纬度）。  相似文献   

长江流域蒸发皿蒸发量的区域变化特征及影响因素     

杨蓉华  李佳佳  贺新光 《热带地理》2022,42(12):2098-2109

基于长江流域148个气象站1980—2017年的蒸发皿观测数据,将旋转经验正交函数（REOF）和模糊C均值聚类（FCM）相结合,对流域蒸发皿蒸发量（PE）进行分区,然后运用Modified Mann-Kendall检验和多元逐步回归等方法,分析各子区域PE的变化特征并识别其主要影响因子。结果表明：1）REOF的前4个空间模态显示流域PE存在5个主要的异常敏感区,基于这4个空间模态,流域PE在空间上可划分为9个子区域。2）在年尺度上,各区PE呈不同程度的增加趋势,其中中部盆地区上升速率最大（111.28 mm/10 a）,西部高原区上升速率最小（12.5 mm/10 a）;而在季节尺度上,秋、冬季流域PE呈显著上升趋势,春、夏季PE的变化具有明显的区域差异性,部分地区PE为下降趋势。3）影响PE变化的主要因子因地而异,但大多子区域的PE变化与平均气温和饱和水汽压差的变化显著相关。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal patterns of solar radiation in China from 1957 to 2016     

Pei Du Li  Xiao Qing Gao  Jun Xia Jiang  Li Wei Yang  Yu Jie Li 《寒旱区科学》2022,14(1):68-78

Solar energy is clean and renewable energy that plays an important role in mitigating impacts of environmental problems and climate change.Solar radiation received on the earth's surface determines the efficiency of power generation and the location and layout of photovoltaic arrays.In this paper,the average daily solar radiation of 77 stations in China from 1957 to 2016 was analyzed in terms of spatial and temporal characteristics.The results indicate that Xinjiang,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,North,Central and East China show a decreasing trend with an average of 2.54×10^?3MJ/(m²?10a),while Northwest and Northeast China are basically stabilized,and Southwest China shows a clear increasing trend with an average increase of 1.79×10^?3MJ/(m²?10a).The average daily solar radiation in summer and winter in China from 1957 to 2016 was 18.74 MJ/m²and 9.09 MJ/m²,respectively.Except for spring in Northwest,East and South China,and summer in northeast China,the average daily solar radiation in all other regions show a downward trend.A critical point for the change is 1983 in the average daily solar radiation.Meanwhile,large-scale(25?30 years)oscillation changes are more obvious,while small-scale(5?10 years)changes are stable and have a global scope.The average daily solar radiation shows an increasing-decreasing gradient from west to east,which can be divided into three areas west of 80°E,80°E?100°E and east of 100°E.The average daily solar radiation was 2.07 MJ/m²in the 1980s,and that in 1990s lower than that in the 1960s and the 1970s.The average daily solar radiation has rebounded in the 21st century,but overall it is still lower than the average daily solar radiation from 1957 to 2016(13.87 MJ/m²).  相似文献   

Finite element analysis of land subsidence above depleted reservoirs with pore pressure gradient and total stress formulations     

Giuseppe Gambolati  Massimiliano Ferronato  Pietro Teatini  Roberto Deidda  Giuditta Lecca 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(4):307-327

The solution of the poroelastic equations for predicting land subsidence above productive gas/oil fields may be addressed by the principle of virtual works using either the effective intergranular stress, with the pore pressure gradient regarded as a distributed body force, or the total stress incorporating the pore pressure. In the finite element (FE) method both approaches prove equivalent at the global assembled level. However, at the element level apparently the equivalence does not hold, and the strength source related to the pore pressure seems to generate different local forces on the element nodes. The two formulations are briefly reviewed and discussed for triangular and tetrahedral finite elements. They are shown to yield different results at the global level as well in a three‐dimensional axisymmetric porous medium if the FE integration is performed using the average element‐wise radius. A modification to both formulations is suggested which allows to correctly solve the problem of a finite reservoir with an infinite pressure gradient, i.e. with a pore pressure discontinuity on its boundary. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Chebyshev逼近滤波器在位场分离中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蒋甫玉  孟令顺  张凤旭  高丽坤 《物探与化探》2008,32(3):311-315

在对经典FIR数字滤波器的设计方法进行研究的基础上,提出了一种可以用于位场分离的基于Chebyshev最佳一致逼近原理的FIR滤波器的设计方法。在理论模型实验中,采用基于Hanning窗的低通滤波器计算出的区域异常最大误差为6.266×10^-6 m/s² ,均方差为2.115×10^-6 m/s² ,最大百分比误差为22.2%,而且计算点在±9 km以外的误差均大于10.1%。而利用最佳一致逼近原理分离出的区域场和局部场与理论异常值拟合得较好,曲线基本重合。分离出的区域异常最大误差为3.101×10^-6 m/s² ,均方差为0.989×10^-6 m/s² ,最大百分比误差仅在边部的几个数据上,为7.76%,其余各点的误差均小于4.1%。实例检验中将该方法用于孙吴—嘉荫剖面布格重力异常场的分离,分离出的区域场中局部场残留少,分离彻底,效果较为理想。  相似文献   

2016年山东一次阵风锋触发的强对流天气分析          下载免费PDF全文

高晓梅  王世杰  王文波  王晓立  赵华  王新红 《山东气象》2018,38(2):67-75

利用常规观测、区域自动气象站、NCEP/NCAR再分析和雷达回波资料,对2016年6月30日山东一次阵风锋触发的强对流天气进行了分析。结果表明,此次强对流主要发生在高空槽与副热带高压相互作用、山东高低层受一致西南气流影响的环流形势下,阵风锋、地面辐合线和负变压中心所产生的抬升作用及近地面层冷空气的侵入使气温骤降是触发对流的关键因素。低层水汽充沛、湿层厚,属于上干下湿的不稳定层结。强对流发生区域处在假相当位温差（Δθse）和风暴相对螺旋度（storm relative helicity,SRH）的大值中心及其右侧位置。对流有效位能（convective available potential energy,CAPE）、850 hPa与500 hPa之间温差、大风指数、强天气威胁指数等都对此次强对流有较好的指示作用。0 ℃层高度和融化层高度较高是此次过程未出现大冰雹的原因。较强的0～3 km垂直风切变在强对流预报业务中需要注意。此次强对流过程是线状回波带前侧风暴内出现了阵风锋,阵风锋又不断触发雷暴使个别强单体风暴发展加强成为超级单体风暴,具有持续时间较短的中气旋、高悬的强回波、有界弱回波区、风暴顶辐散、窄带回波、径向速度大值区等回波特征。风暴移动速度比风暴承载层平均风速大,缩短了超级单体存在时间。此外,风暴参数与天气的强烈程度密切相关。  相似文献